Istanbul's historic peninsula, home to the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace, is walkable but hilly, with the terrain sloping noticeably down toward the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus. Comfortable shoes are essential given the mix of cobblestones, tram tracks and uneven pavements underfoot.
Crossing between the European and Asian sides is part of the experience, and while it involves a ferry rather than walking, the approach on either shore is itself a pleasant stroll along the water. Neighbourhoods like Galata and Karakoy add their own steep streets and stairways, rewarding climbers with views over the water.
The sheer size of the city means walking works best in neighbourhood-sized chunks rather than one continuous route. Traffic can be heavy on major roads, so using pedestrian underpasses and marked crossings is the safer habit to build early on.